into criminal activities along

The threat they pose, however, goes beyond their attacks. They tap into criminal activities along the coast—drugs, gold mining, smuggling—to fund their operations. They fuel intercommunal tensions to get recruits. And they stoke anti-government sentiment, ultimately destabilising political systems. These dynamics resulted in the overthrow of governments in three countries in the Sahel—Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso—all of which became military dictatorships in the span of four years (2020-2023). The putschists leaned on domestic anti-Western sentiment (and specifically anti-French sentiment), which partly arose from European support that backfired: military training came without weapons แทงบอลออนไลน์